Wp/nth/Finland

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Finland (Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland), officially the Republic o Finland (Finnish: uomen tasavalta; Swedish; Republiken Finland; Sami: Suoma dásseváldi}), is a Nordic country i Northren Europe. It borders Sweden te the northwest, Norway te the north, and Russia te the east, wi the Gulf o Bothnia te the west and the Gulf o Finland te the sooth, across frev Estonia. Finland covers an area o 130,678 sq mi wiv a population o 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority o the population is ethnic Finns. Finnish and Swedish is baith official languages, Swedish is the native language o 5.2% o the population.[1] Finland's climate varies frae humid continental i the sooth te the boreal i the north. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, wi mair nor 180,000 recorded lakes.[2]

Finland wes furst inhabited aroond 9000BC efter the Last Glacial Period.[3] The Stone Age introduced several different ceramic styles and culturs. The Bronze Age and Iron Age wes characterised bi contacts wiv other cultures o Fennoscandia and the Baltic region.[4] Frae the late 13th century, Finland becam a pairt o Sweden follaïn the Northren Crusades. I 1809, follaïn the Finnish War, Finland becam pairt o the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy o Finland, while Finnish airt flourished and the idea i independence began te take hauld. In 1906, Finland becam the furst European state te grant univarsal suffrage, and the furst i the world te give aa adult citizens the reet te run for public office.[5] Efter the 1917 Russian Rivolution, Finland declared independence frae Russia. I 1918, the fledgling state wes divided bi the Finnish Civil War. Durin Warld War II, Finland fowt the Soviet Union i the Winter War and the Continuation War, and Nazi Germany i the Lapland War. It subsequently lost pairts ov its territory, but maintained its independence.

Finland remained a maistly agrarian country til the 1950s. Efter World War II, it rapidly industrialised and developed an advanced economy, while beeldin an extensive welfare state based on the Nordic model; the country suin enjoyed widespreed prosparity and a hee per capita income.[6] Durin the Cauld War, Finland adopted an official policy o neutrality. Finland joined the European Union i 1995, the Eurozone at its inception in 1999 and NATO i 2023. Finland performs weel i metrics o national performance, includin education, economic competitiveness, civil liberties, quality o life and human development.[7][8][9][10]

  1. "Språk i Finland" (in sv).
  2. Li, Leslie (16 April 1989). "A Land of a Thousand Lakes". The New York Times.
  3. (2015) Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Helsinki: Gaudeamus, 23. ISBN 978-952-495-363-4. 
  4. (2015) Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Helsinki: Gaudeamus, 339. ISBN 978-952-495-363-4. 
  5. Parliament of Finland. "History of the Finnish Parliament". eduskunta.fi.
  6. "Finland". International Monetary Fund.
  7. "Finland: World Audit Democracy Profile". WorldAudit.org.
  8. "Tertiary education graduation rates—Education: Key Tables from OECD" (14 June 2010). OECD iLibrary. doi:10.1787/20755120-table1. 
  9. "Her er verdens mest konkurransedyktige land—Makro og politikk". E24.no (9 September 2010).
  10. "The 2009 Legatum Prosperity Index". Prosperity.com.