Wp/nth/Agricultur

Agricultur encompasses crop and livestock production, aquacultur, fisheries and forestry for food and other products derived frev organisms. Agricultur wes the key development i the rise o sedentary human civilisation, where the farmin o domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled folk te live i cities. While humans started gatherin grains at least 105,000 years sin, nascent farmers nobbut began plantin em aroond 11,500 years sin. Sheep, goats, pigs and coos wes furst domesticated aroond 10,000 year sin. Plants wes independently cultivated iv at least 11 regions o the world. I the twentieth century, industrial agricultur based on large-scale monocultures cam te dominate agricultural ootput.

Today, smaa farms produces aboot a third o the world's food, but muckle farms is mair prevalent. The top yen percent o farms i the world is larger nor 50 hectares and operates mair nor 70 percent o the world's farmland. Aamost 40 percent of agricultural land is fund on farms that's larger nor 1,000 hectares. Hooiver, five oot of ivery six farms i the world consists o less than twe hectares and tyeks up nobbut 12 percent of aa agricultural land.

The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped inte foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials (sic as rubber). Food classes includes cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, cuikin oils, meat, milk, eggs, and fungi. Global agricultural production amoonts te approximately 11 billion tonne o food, 32 million tonne o natural fibres and 4 billion m3 o wood. Hooiver, aroond 14 percent o the world's food is lost frae production afore reachin the retail level.

Modren agronomy, plant breedin, agrochemicals sic as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments hes sharply increased crop yields, but hes contributed tiv ecological and environmental damage an aa. Selective breedin and modren practices iv animal husbandry hes similarly increased the ootput o meat, but hes raised conçarns aboot animal welfare and environmental damage. Environmental issues includes contributions te climate change, the depletion o aquifers, deforestation, antibiotic resistance, and other agricultural pollution. Agricultur is byeth a cause of and sensitive te environmental degradation, sic as biodiversity loss, desertification, soil degradation, and climate change, that can aa cause decreases i crop yield. Genetically modified organisms is widely used, though some countries bans them.